Volume 06 - Issue 09 (September 2022)

 

Title: A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES ON THE TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS USED IN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Ali Mohtasham Tarar, Lütfiye DAHIL
Source: International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Management, pp 01 - 12, Vol 06 - No. 09, 2022
Abstract: Unconventional reserves must be explored and exploited safely and profitably to meet the world's rising energy demand. Some of these unusual prospects present severe environments that test the limits of conventional engineering alloys as well as our comprehension of the basic degradation processes that could cause a failure. The most significant source of innovation in terms of material technology is found in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep and pre-salt reservoirs, notwithstanding their complexity. With an emphasis on advanced materials, this paper offers a broad review of current development and research trends in materials. For the oil and gas industry, the cutting-edge polymers stand out above their conventional equivalents with improved hardness or strength. Modern metallic materials, unconventional materials (metal or non-metal), or a combination of these are all examples of advanced materials. Numerous stronger, lighter, and multifunctional materials have been created in laboratories over the past few decades. Advanced materials are those with at least one characteristic that is much better than that of standard alloys. The three most promising innovative material types for use in petroleum production are chosen.
Keywords: Advanced Materials, Polymers, Modern metallic, Petrochemical
Download Full Article

 

Title: SCIENTISTS GUIDING THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY
Authors: Agit Eroglu,Hulya Celik
Source: International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Management, pp 13 - 28, Vol 06 - No. 09, 2022
Abstract: Chemistry is one of the oldest in science. It is a branch of basic science that examines the characteristics of all substances in the universe, interactions with each other and the changes that occur after interactions. It's one of the first natural sciences. Chemical science is a multidisciplinary science. Physics, biology, astronomy, archaeology, pharmacy and medicine are some of them.Among basic sciences, chemistry or physics is the closestinteraction. When chemistry examines the interaction of matter. its properties and its change, physics also deals with the relationship between matter and energy and explains the relationship of substances with the law. It is very difficult to distinguish between these two branches of science. Chemical science It consists of seven disciplines: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physics, biochemistry and nuclear chemistry, polymer chemistry. Although chemistry is a branch of science that has completed its development, there are many unanswered questions and unexplained events. Modern chemistry today is the result of thousands of years of accumulation. For thousands of years, mankind has managed to turn natural materials into useful products. The emergence of Chemistry, a field of study based on scientific principles, led to tremendous advances in technology and industry, despite the fact that it reached the second half of the eighteenth century. This thesis is a literary study that includes the mini-biography of important scientists who played a role in the emergence and development of chemical science from antiquity to the present day, as well as the discoveries that guide science.
Keywords: Chemistry, Chemists, Science,Pharmacy,Alchemy
Download Full Article

 

Title: An Investigation of the Place of Democracy in Africa Regarding Majoritarianism and Minorities' Rights
Authors: Bernard Alwala
Source: International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Management, pp 29 - 35, Vol 06 - No. 09, 2022
Abstract: The paper examines the perception of democracy and gives avaluation of its concrete and possible influence in Africa with a specific situation and its impact on minority rights. The paper copes that the way the perception of democracy is understood and practiced in some African countries is perilous as it is concentrated on mere majoritarianism at the cost of minorities' rights. Specific reference to racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities is given to demonstrate why majoritarianism oughtto bescrutinized in Africa. The paper is not blind, however, to some impediments of democracy in Africa making it difficult to apply some principles of democracy. Thus, the paper also examines some of the difficulties encountered in the democratization of Africa. The author of the paper proposes some principles that could end the problems of the African concept and application of democracy and rejects the idea that liberal democracy is alien to African countries. This paper does not claim to be in-depthabout every African situation but attempts to give a wide-rangingrepresentation by choosing some African countries to serve as samples.
Keywords: Democracy; Africa; Majoritarianism; Minorities; Right.
Download Full Article